Which type of ethics would argue that right action is determined by the specific situation rather than by fixed rules?

Situational ethics asserts that the morality of an action is dependent on the context and specific circumstances surrounding it, rather than adhering to established moral rules or guidelines. This approach emphasizes the importance of individual circumstances, suggesting that what may be considered right in one situation could be viewed as wrong in another. It allows for a more flexible interpretation of ethical principles, advocating for a response that is most compassionate or beneficial based on the unique elements of each situation.

In contrast, the other approaches represent more rigid frameworks for determining ethical behavior. Deontological ethics focuses on adherence to fixed moral rules and duties, often irrespective of the outcomes. Relativism posits that moral truth is subjective and varies based on cultural or personal perspectives, which can sometimes undermine the importance of situational specifics. Utilitarianism, on the other hand, bases ethical decisions on the consequences of actions, specifically aiming for the greatest good for the greatest number, but still follows a consistent outcome-based principle rather than being flexible to unique situations.

Thus, situational ethics distinguishes itself as a philosophy that prioritizes context and individual circumstances in determining what is right or wrong, which makes it the correct choice for the question regarding ethics shaped by specific situations rather than fixed rules.