What term describes the flow of personal data across national boundaries?

The term that describes the flow of personal data across national boundaries is "Transborder Data Flow." This concept is important in the context of globalization and the digital economy, where data is often collected in one country and used or processed in another. Understanding transborder data flow is crucial for addressing legal and ethical issues related to privacy, data protection, and compliance with varying international regulations.

In contrast, data protection refers to the measures and legislation in place to safeguard personal data from misuse or breaches, while data localization pertains to the requirement for data to be stored and processed within the geographical boundaries of a specific country. Data encryption is a method of protecting data by transforming it into a secure format that can only be read or processed after decryption, which, while important for data security, does not specifically address the movement of data across borders.